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The various crises are having a significant impact on the entire food sector and are changing the attitudes of Europeans as well as policies on the importance of food security and sustainably produced quality and safe food for consumer health. The paper focuses on the consumer's fear of food security for the time of the first wave of COVID-19 and the associated concern for food security in the future and the changes in consumer behaviour. The online survey in Slovenia was conducted in June 2020 using a "snowball" method. The sample included 490 individuals. The results showed that both measured forms of fear (i) fear over food security during the first wave of COVID-19 crisis, and (ii) fear over food security in the future were statistically significant, moderately strong and positively associated with almost all forms of self-perceived behaviour change caused by the COVID-19 crisis. The respondents focused more on buying locally produced and processed food, food stockpiling and decreasing food waste. Only minor changes were expressed with regards to their food purchasing channels, with the elderly, the highly educated and those who classified themselves in a higher social class buying more often directly from farmers. In the future, the results of this research should be compared with other countries and the impact of an individual's economic situation and the impact of promotional campaigns on agricultural products on changing consumer behaviour should also be analysed in more detail.
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The People's Republic of China has the largest population in the world, making it both one of the most fascinating and rapidly expanding import markets for food and beverages as well as one of the most difficult. The Chinese market is appealing to foreign food producers because of the country's high per capita income and quick urbanization. The Agriculture Chapter addressed fundamental trade barriers and will support a significant increase in the export of food, agricultural, and seafood products from the United States, boosting farm and fishery revenue, stimulating rural economies, and fostering employment growth. Numerous non-tariff barriers to the export of U.S. agricultural and seafood products are discussed, including those relating to rice, dairy, infant formula, horticulture products, animal feed and feed additives, pet food, and agricultural biotechnology products, as well as meat, chicken, and seafood. The U.S. has achieved significant export successes thus far, despite the pandemic. Decrees 248 and 249, which take effect on January 1, 2022, mandate that foreign suppliers of particular food products to China register with the GACC before presenting their goods for customs clearance. Several Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN) reports on GACC Decrees 248 and 249 have been published by FAS offices in China. For the most recent information on whether their business has to register, whether it can self-register, or if it needs to be recommended for registration by a U.S. competent body, U.S. exporters should examine the GAIN system, which offers points of contact at the GACC. According to Euromonitor, urban Chinese customers who are short on time choose shopping near residential areas, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. During the crisis, consumers grew accustomed to shopping in their immediate areas. As a result, many major modern grocery chains have used a multi-format strategy and constructed smaller-format stores. Freshippo, Yonghui, and Carrefour are all opening smaller, more neighborhood-focused stores that place an increased emphasis on fresh foods. Some of these shops also act as e-commerce order warehouses and offer prompt home deliveries. Particularly Yonghui has opened Yonghui Mini Stores quickly as an addition to its hypermarket and major supermarket operations. The food processing sector in China has been expanding steadily in recent years. According to the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), sales, production, and income in the sector rose in 2020. The total profits of China's largest food processing firms reached 620.66 billion yuan (about US$97 billion) in 2020, an increase of 6.8% over the same period in 2019. According to MIIT, these businesses' profit growth was 3.1% higher than the average for all industrial sectors.
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The paper presents the reaction of the Romanian cereal market to the disruption of trade flows caused by certain shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which lead to changes with high impact on the functioning of this market, representing an important test for the resilience of the sector. Due to trade liberalization in global markets, including agri-food markets, the competitiveness of exports has become increasingly important, contributing to the creation of the country's competitive advantage. Any restrictions to trade in agri-food products can distort trade flows, and this disruption will have an impact on supply and prices. Maintaining a balance between imports and exports is essential to ensure domestic market stability. International trade in agri-food products plays an important role in global food security. The results show that Romania mainly exports unprocessed agricultural products, with cereals having the largest share in the export structure, cereal supply is dependent on climate change, yet it is one of the products with the lowest volatility. The cereal market shows a more elastic reaction to price responses, even though demand for staple foods is generally inelastic.
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Bangladesh imports roughly 98% of cotton from abroad to produce fabric or yarn (USDA 2020. Cotton and Products Update. Bangladesh. Also available at https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Cotton%20and%20Products%20Update_Dhaka_Bangladesh_11-30-2020). The production of textiles in Bangladesh depends on the price of raw material, the demand for garment products in the importing countries, smooth supply chain management, and the domestic supply of cheap garment laborers. The global pandemic of COVID-19 disrupted the supply chain of almost all physical goods and services, including textiles. It caused the price of textiles to fall due to a drop in worldwide demand, and increased the marginal cost of textile production due to supply chain interruptions. This paper shows how the decline in the demand for garments, coupled with an increase in cost, shrinks the producer welfare of textile manufacturing and garment exports of the small producing country, Bangladesh.
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The food industry has been greatly impacted by COVID-19, causing governments to restrict food exports to prevent shortages. A negative food trade balance reveals a country's dependence on imports and underscores the significance of a sound food policy. Hence, for the first time, this study examines the J-curve hypothesis for the U.S. with Canada at the state rather than country level and creates maps based on the findings. The approach of this study differs from all empirical studies using country-level J-curve analyses, because the U.S. may require a state level analysis since its states differ in terms of economic-population sizes, tax rates, and administrative structures. For this aim, this study employs the linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approaches. The results indicate that while only 8 out of 47 U.S. states support the food-based asymmetric J-curve hypothesis, 15 U.S. states support the asymmetric inverse J-curve hypothesis. Additionally, 9 U.S. states support the food-based symmetric J-curve hypothesis, and 2 U.S. states support the symmetric inverse J-curve hypothesis. Based on these results, policymakers of U.S. states where the J-curve hypothesis is not supported should review their food-based bilateral trade policies with Canada. Graphical abstract: These maps depict the U.S. states in green and red, indicating support for the J-curve and inverse J-curve hypotheses, respectively. The map on the left was generated using the linear model (symmetric approach), while the map on the right was generated using the nonlinear model (asymmetric approach). Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00003-023-01436-x.
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This article constructed a four-level fresh agricultural product (FAP) supply chain with a two-stage pricing strategy under a "community group purchase (CGP) platform + direct procurement from the FAP supplier” sales model. We investigate the influence of the CGP agency's participation in the control strategy of FAP freshness preservation efforts on the profits of supply chain stakeholders. This article discusses the effects of the FAP supplier profit-sharing ratio, the CGP agency profit-sharing ratio, and consumers' sensitivity to FAP freshness on the supply chain stakeholders' freshness preservation efforts. Moreover, based on the fairness preference theory, this article designed a profit-sharing contract that involves the Nash bargaining game between the FAP supplier and the CGP agency as the supply chain coordination mechanism. Modeling results revealed that: (1) The CGP agency's freshness preservation efforts increased total supply chain profits. (2) The FAP supplier profit-sharing ratio, CGP agency profit-sharing ratio, and consumers' sensitivity to FAP freshness have a positive correlation to the profits of the FAP supply chain and promote the coordination of the supply chain. (3) Considering fairness preferences, with the increase in FAP suppliers' business negotiating ability, their freshness preservation efforts and fairness utility both increased gradually, while the fairness utility of the CGP agency gradually decreased.
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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, commercial relations have undergone many changes. The advancement of digital technologies that allow instantaneous and real-time communication regardless of geographical distance have changed several daily activities, among them, the way of buying and selling. In the case of agriculture, the direct sale of agricultural products to final consumers, through social networks, emerges as a new form of rural business. However, the encounter between interested parties occurs, most of the time, informally, and it is up to producers and consumers to "meet" in order to sell and buy. In this context, the Fair in the Palm of Your Hand project aims to act as an agent between these two ends so that the encounter is facilitated. To this end, a methodology for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ATER) was developed with the aim of creating a digital platform (application and website) that would allow these transactions to be carried out more quickly and credibly. The research area includes locations in the state of Espirito Santo (Brazil) that already have producers and consumers capable of meeting this new market dynamic.
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Live streaming of agricultural products can reduce farmer losses caused by unsalable agricultural products and increase the income of farmers. Live streaming can be especially effective for green product sales as it can increase viewer understanding of and interest in the production and attributes of green products. Using the stimulus, organization, and response theoretical framework, this paper explores the influence of agricultural products anchors' characteristics on consumers' purchasing behavior and the mediating effect of green consumption cognition. The data come from surveys distributed online to Chinese shoppers who had participated in an agricultural livestreaming event. A total of 691 valid responses were received. Anchor characteristics of influence, sales promotion, and interactive entertainment were found to positively impact consumers' purchasing behavior. Green consumption cognition, composed of environmental problem perception and green consumption awareness, has a positive impact on purchasing intent. Furthermore, anchor characteristics of influence and sales promotion can positively influence consumers' purchasing behavior indirectly through green consumption cognition.
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The aim of the paper is the analysis of the changes in Indian agriculture during the pandemic. The following research questions were put forward: What is the diversification of the Indian agriculture and rural economy in terms of COVID-19?;What is the percentage change in overall agricultural commodities production, in farm-gate prices for commodities in agriculture and the allied sector and in the availability of agri-inputs? The theoretical part of the paper depicted the following issues: India's role in global farming;rural economy issues, economic recovery, and the agricultural sector in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic. The studies that were conducted include: documentation, statistical, comparative, and dynamics analysis. The results showed that the Indian agriculture and rural economy in terms of COVID-19 had different tendencies. With businesses across all industries forced to shut down, the economy ground to a halt. Even while farming operations were spared during the lockdown's early stages, the agricultural value chain nonetheless experienced widespread disruptions. This was devastating to the rural Indian economy.
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The purpose of this article is to discuss the purchasing behavior (PB), influencing factors, and personal factors of Chinese consumers through literature review, questionnaire survey, and research results. The frequency and amount of purchasing behavior (FPB and APB) are studied in the consumption behavior. In the influencing factors, channel cognitions (CC), product cognitions (PC), and the influence of personal factors on consumer consumption behavior of fresh agricultural products. The FPB and APB are significantly and positively correlated with the CC, PC, and advantage cognition (AC). The FPB and APB are significantly and negatively correlated with disadvantage cognitions (DC). People's CC, PC, and DC significantly affect their FPB and APB. © 2022 IEEE.
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When the globe was hit by the vicious Covid 19 pandemic, multiple industries faced the virus's wrath and that included the agricultural warehouse industry. Consequently, many warehouses which had received large shipment stocks of agricultural products were never to be used again as it had reached its expiration date. This led to major losses for the agricultural warehouses as well as losses in crops for farmers and large scale agriculturists. The main objective of this paper is to build a model which utilises 3 heavy-weight algorithms (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average-SARIMA, Long short term memory-LSTM and Holt Winters) and predicts the agricultural needs of retailers and consumers based on previous data from different warehouses. Deploying this system will not help in the regulation of goods in warehouses but will also aid in maximizing the profits and minimizing the losses for warehouses. The algorithm with the least MAE(Mean Absolute Error) value will be considered for forecasting the sales of the aforementioned product. © 2022 IEEE.
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Introduction: In 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has forced consumers to shift their consumption patterns online. However, the problem of online fraud in green agricultural products seriously undermines consumer trust and is detrimental to the sustainable consumption of green agricultural products. Therefore, it is particularly important to enhance consumers' trust in online sellers. This study aims to investigate how the product environmental information transparency(soil information transparency and water information transparency) affects online consumers' purchasing behavior of green agricultural products. Methods: This study constructs a theoretical framework of "product environmental information transparency - online consumer trust - online purchase behavior".We conducted an online randomized questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 512 consumers who had experience buying green agricultural products online fitted a structural equation model (SEM). Results: The results show that (1) the two dimensions of product environmental information transparency have different effects on different dimensions of online consumer trust. Among them, soil information transparency has a significant positive effect on competence trust, while it does not have a significant positive effect on benevolence trust. Water information transparency has a significant positive effect on both dimensions of online consumer trust, (2) online consumer trust has a significant positive effect on online consumer purchase behavior, and (3) competence trust has a significant positive effect on benevolence trust. Discussion: Our study shows that consumer trust in merchants is significantly enhanced by increasing the transparency of environmental information about green agricultural products. different dimensions of environmental information transparency have different effects on different dimensions of online consumer trust. Product information transparency is proposed as a tool for producers to use in the online marketing of green agricultural products. Consumers' access to information can be improved through online public disclosure of environmental quality indicators in the production process of green agricultural products, and ultimately enhance online consumption of green agricultural products.
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Family farming is an important food supplier, but it faces difficulties in commercialize its production. Alternative forms of commercialization of agricultural products have been emerging, and an inclination towards the use of e-commerce is perceived, which has also helped in the disclosure of its products. The objective of this study was to present the state of the art in research that relates family farming to the use of e-commerce and its disclosure strategies in recent years, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. The technical procedure used was a systematic literature review, following the Methodi Ordinatio protocol. The results showed that e-commerce has helped family farmers in the commercialization and disclosure of their products, bringing economic and social benefits. Additionally, gaps in future research on the subject were pointed out.
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Forecasting the demand for cold chain logistics of agricultural products will help to achieve the balance between supply and demand of agricultural products and promote the healthy development of the cold chain logistics industry of agricultural products. This paper collects relevant data from 2015 to 2020 in Shanghai, and uses grey correlation analysis to conduct correlation analysis on the factors influencing the demand for cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products. The traditional GM (1,1) model, the new information GM (1,1) model and the metabolism GM (1,1) model are used to forecast the demand for cold chain logistics of agricultural products in Shanghai in the next five years respectively. The grey correlation analysis shows that the employees of the tertiary industry and the total import and export of goods have the greatest impact on the market demand of cold chain logistics and the results of the three GM (1,1) models show that the sum of squared errors of using the new information GM (1,1) model is smaller. Finally, using the new information GM (1,1) model to forecast the demand for cold chain logistics of agricultural products in Shanghai from 2021 to 2025, and it is found that the overall demand for agricultural cold chain in Shanghai is on an upward trend. © 2022 IEEE.
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The article discusses the problems of food security in the open economy of modern Georgia against the background of the ongoing hostilities between Russia and Ukraine. After the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the attention of almost all countries of the world, including Georgia, was focused on self-sufficiency of the demand of their population with local agricultural and food products. In such conditions, Georgia has a chance to expand domestic production of agricultural and food products. In order to increase the competitiveness of the food and nutrition products produced in Georgia, it is necessary to improve the connections between the separate links of their production, to synchronize the production processes. In order to increase the level of food self-sufficiency of Georgia, it is necessary to protect the production of import-substituting, domestic, agrarian products with non-tariff barriers, and to properly manage their production and logistics. Significant and rapid changes in the global supply chain of food and nutrition products provoked by the Covid-19 pandemic have become an opportunity to increase the level of food self-sufficiency of Georgia, which needs to be properly used.
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Global food security can be threatened by short-term extreme events that negatively impact food production, food purchasing power, and agricultural economic activity. At the same time, environmental pollutants like greenhouse gases (GHGs) can be reduced due to the same short-term extreme stressors. Stress events include pandemics like COVID-19 and widespread droughts like those experienced in 2015. Here we consider the question: what if COVID-19 had co-occurred with a 2015-like drought year? Using a coupled biophysical-economic modeling framework, we evaluate how this compound stress would alter both agricultural sector GHG emissions and change the number of undernourished people worldwide. We further consider three interdependent adaptation options: local water use for crop production, regional shifts in cropland area, and global trade of agricultural products. We find that GHG emissions decline due to reduced economic activity in the agricultural sector, but this is paired with large increases in undernourished populations in developing nations. Local and regional adaptations that make use of natural resources enable global-scale reductions in impacted populations via increased global trade.
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Crude oil and agricultural product prices are important factors affecting a country's economic and social stability. The pure contagion between these two markets may lead to excessive price linkage, increasing the fragility of the financial system. This paper uses the CEEMDAN method, fine-to-coarse reconstruction method, and TVP-VAR model to study the pure contagion between crude oil and agricultural futures markets. The empirical results show that there always is significant pure contagion between agricultural futures markets. However, pure contagion between crude oil and agricultural futures markets only exists in some specific periods. The crude oil futures market has obvious pure contagion to the agricultural futures markets in most periods. Only a few periods the agricultural futures have pure contagion to the crude oil futures. It is worth noting that the COVID-19 epidemic aggravates the pure contagion between crude oil and the agricultural futures markets. Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations, hoping to provide a reference and theoretical basis for the government to formulate corresponding policies. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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The research mainly aimed to study the impact of the economic reform policy and the Corona pandemic and seasonal factors on the prices of the most important Egyptian agricultural exports and imports. The most important results were the following: - By studying the trend analysis of the monthly average of the prices of the most important exported and imported commodities, it shows the real price increase over time per month for the exports of 17 commodities represented as "olive oil, dried fruits, Rumi cheese, aromatic oils and resins, dried onions, processed cheese, dried vegetables, white cheese, juices." Its foundations are oily seeds and fruits, onions and garlic, citrus fruits, preserved strawberries, frozen artichokes, processed potatoes, frozen vegetables, and potatoes. - Also found was that the economic reform policy had a statistically significant effect on the average real price of the exports of the 17 commodities under study, as well as the imports of meat, oils, sugar, beans, and wheat, in addition to the imports of the most important production requirements studied, such as seeds, pesticides, disinfectants, and fertilizers. that during the study period. - By studying the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the real monthly prices of exports and imports of the commodities under study, it was found that the average monthly price decreased in real prices for all commodities under study, except for oils and aromatic resins, but the statistical significance of the rates of decrease during the study period did not prove.
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The European Commission's Green Deal strategic plan aims to achieve EU climate neutrality by 2050. As part of this plan, the Farm-to- Fork (F2F) strategy and the Biodiversity Strategy (BDS) will be accompanied by a new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP post-2020). This paper presents and discusses the results of techno-economic analyses carried out by the European Union's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The two analyses are based on fundamentally different economic models, but they converge in stating that the application of F2F and BDS strategies will result in an increase in production costs and consumer prices of agricultural products and a decrease in profitability as well as a reduction in agricultural production, with a consequent loss of domestic market share by European producers to those of other countries. Under these conditions, the lower emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases will be compensated by an increase in emissions in other areas of the world, to which the agricultural production that Europe will no longer be able to produce will be relocated. In addition, according to the authors, environmental sustainability at the European level will also be called into question if one takes into account that reduced agricultural production will result in a significant reduction in the removal of CO2 from photosynthesis.
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Purpose: The article is made to analyze the current situation of export activities of some key agricultural products of Vietnam, especially in the context of the world economy being heavily affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Economies including Vietnam's agricultural exports. Stemming from that practical requirement, the author proposes a number of solutions to overcome supply chain disruptions, to cope with the new context that creates momentum for the recovery and growth of Vietnam's agricultural economy by 2025. Design/methodology/approach: Research using the export approach of key agricultural products in a dynamic state, considering the impact of many factors, in which the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic is emphasized. disruption of supply chains from production to consumption of Vietnamese agricultural products. The study uses the research method to synthesize documents from reliable data and information sources of the economy such as MBS, CEIC, GSO of Vietnam, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam. Findings: The research results achieved the following contents: theoretical overview of key agricultural exports, agricultural development in a new context. The article analyzes the current status of the role of agriculture and the export of key agricultural products in economic development in Vietnam;Impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on the production of key agricultural products of Vietnam;Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam's key agricultural exports. The article proposes some solutions to export Vietnam's key agricultural products in the new context from the perspective of the state to actors in the value chain of Vietnam's key agricultural exports in the new context until 2025. Research, Practical & Social implications: Research results are references for scholars interested in the field of agricultural economics, business and commerce;policy makers of agricultural economics in Vietnam. The Vietnamese government seeks and expands new markets in the direction of official channels to avoid price pressure. To do this, businesses need to pay attention to product quality, traceability, and packaging to comply with regulations and standards of key importing countries of Vietnam's agricultural products by 2025. Originality/value: On the basis of a theoretical overview of the export of key agricultural products, agricultural development in a new context. The author analyzes the current status of the role of agriculture and the export of key agricultural products in economic development in Vietnam;Impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on the production of key agricultural products of Vietnam;Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam's key agricultural exports. On that basis, the author proposes some solutions to export Vietnam's key agricultural products in the new context from the perspective of the state to actors in the value chain of Vietnam's key agricultural exports. © 2022 AOS-Estratagia and Inovacao. All rights reserved.